The War of Humor: A Visual Content Analysis of Israel’s Information Warfare in France and Spain

14 Dec 2025

The War of Humor: A Visual Content Analysis of Israel’s Information Warfare in France and Spain
Ninon Bouteloup Article While humor has invested all areas of society, it is still largely considered as an epiphenomenon in international security studies and a second-rank topic when it comes to information warfare. This article explores to what extent humor functions as a key component of information warfare, with a focus on Israeli visual messaging in France and Spain in the digital space. Using qualitative visual content analysis…

Article

Cookies settings

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.

Necessary

Always Enabled

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.

Cookie	Duration	Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics	1 year	Set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie is used to record the user consent for the cookies in the "Analytics" category .
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary	1 year	Set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie is used to record the user consent for the cookies in the "Necessary" category .
viewed_cookie_policy	1 year	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin to store whether or not the user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.

Analytics

Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_ga	2 years	The _ga cookie, installed by Google Analytics, calculates visitor, session and campaign data and also keeps track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognize unique visitors.
_gat_gtag_UA_157467836_2	1 minute	Set by Google to distinguish users.
_gid	1 day	Installed by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously.

The War of Humor: A Visual Content Analysis of Israel’s Information Warfare in France and Spain

Author: Ninon Bouteloup

The War of Humor: A Visual Content Analysis of Israel’s Information Warfare in France and Spain